What is a Bill of Lading?
A Bill of Lading (BOL or B/L) is the most important document in freight shipping. It serves three critical functions: receipt of goods, contract of carriage, and (in certain forms) document of title.
Functions of a BOL
- Receipt: Confirms the carrier received the goods as described
- Contract: Establishes the terms of transportation
- Document of Title: Represents ownership (negotiable BOLs only)
Types of Bills of Lading
- Straight BOL: Non-negotiable, consigned directly to named party
- Order BOL: Negotiable, transferable by endorsement
- Ocean BOL: For international sea freight
- Inland BOL: For domestic ground transportation
- Through BOL: Covers multiple carriers/modes
Required Information
- Shipper and consignee details
- Carrier information
- Description of goods
- Weight and piece count
- Freight class (for LTL)
- Special instructions
- Reference numbers (PO, PRO)
For more details, see our comprehensive guide:What is a Bill of Lading?